MockMvc做接口测试

MockMvc实现了对Http请求的模拟，能够直接使用网络的形式，转换到Controller的调用，这样可以使得测试速度快、不依赖网络环境，而且提供了一套验证的工具，这样可以使得请求的验证统一而且很方便, 最方便的是对于客户测试,不需要启动服务器即可测试我们的Rest Api。

SpringMVC编写Rest示例

Controller示例

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/test")
public class TestWebController {

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping(value = "/list", method = {RequestMethod.GET})
    public List getMock(@RequestParam(name = "id", required = false, defaultValue = "l0") String id) {
        return Arrays.asList("l1", "l2", "l3", id);
    }

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping(value = "/pust", method = {RequestMethod.POST})
    public Object postMock(@RequestBody Object data) {
        return ImmutableMap.<String, String>builder().put("data", JSON.toJSONString(data)).build();
    }
	
	 @RequestMapping(value = "/view", method = {RequestMethod.GET})
    public ModelAndView viewMock(){
        return new ModelAndView("index");
    }
}

MockMvc测试Rest示例

1. MockMvc基础交互示例

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:context/spring-context.xml", "classpath:context/spring-mvc.xml"})
@WebAppConfiguration(value = "src/main/webapp")
public class TestController {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void test01() throws Exception {
        MvcResult mvcResult = this.mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/test/list")
                .cookie(new Cookie("token", "F3AF5F1D14F534F677XF3A00E352C"))   // 登录授权
                .accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")))
                .andExpect(handler().handlerType(TestWebController.class))  // 验证执行的控制器类型
                .andExpect(handler().methodName("getMock"))                 // 验证执行的方法名
                .andExpect(status().isOk())                                 // 验证执行状态
                .andDo(print())                                             // 打印交互信息
                .andReturn();
        System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
    }
}
```	
MockMvc可以对controller中的一次调用进行模拟;
1、mockMvc.perform执行一个请求；
2、MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(urlTemplate, urlMultiParams)构造一个请求
3、ResultActions.andExpect添加执行完成后的断言
4、ResultActions.andDo添加一个结果处理器，表示要对结果做点什么事情，比如此处使用MockMvcResultHandlers.print()输出整个响应结果信息。
5、ResultActions.andReturn表示执行完成后返回相应的结果。

执行结果:

``` bash
["l1","l2","l3","l0"]

交互信息:

MockHttpServletRequest:
      HTTP Method = GET
      Request URI = /test/list
       Parameters = {}
          Headers = {Accept=[application/json;charset=UTF-8]}

Handler:
             Type = com.simple.example.web.TestWebController
           Method = public java.util.List com.simple.example.web.TestWebController.getMock(java.lang.String)

Async:
    Async started = false
     Async result = null

Resolved Exception:
             Type = null

ModelAndView:
        View name = null
             View = null
            Model = null

FlashMap:
       Attributes = null

MockHttpServletResponse:
           Status = 200
    Error message = null
          Headers = {Content-Type=[application/json;charset=UTF-8]}
     Content type = application/json;charset=UTF-8
             Body = ["l1","l2","l3","l0"]
    Forwarded URL = null
   Redirected URL = null
          Cookies = []

3. MockMvc请求参数示例

@Test
    public void test02() throws Exception {
        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(get("/test/list?id={id}", "模板参数")
                .accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")))
                .andExpect(handler().handlerType(TestWebController.class))  // 验证执行的控制器类型
                .andExpect(handler().methodName("getMock"))                 // 验证执行的方法名
                .andExpect(status().isOk())                                 // 验证执行状态
                .andDo(print())                                             // 打印交互信息
                .andReturn();
        System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
    }

执行结果:

["l1","l2","l3","模板参数"]

4. MockMvc测试Post示例

@Test
public void test() throws Exception {
   MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(post("/test/pust")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .content(JSON.toString(Arrays.asList("p1", "p2")))
                .accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")))
                .andExpect(handler().handlerType(TestWebController.class))  // 验证执行的控制器类型
                .andExpect(handler().methodName("getMock"))                 // 验证执行的方法名
                .andExpect(status().isOk())                                 // 验证执行状态
                .andDo(print())                                             // 打印交互信息
                .andReturn();
        System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
}

交互信息

MockHttpServletRequest:
      HTTP Method = POST
      Request URI = /test/pust
       Parameters = {}
          Headers = {Content-Type=[application/json], Accept=[application/json;charset=UTF-8]}

Handler:
             Type = com.simple.example.web.TestWebController
           Method = public java.lang.Object com.simple.example.web.TestWebController.postMock(java.lang.Object)

Async:
    Async started = false
     Async result = null

Resolved Exception:
             Type = null

ModelAndView:
        View name = null
             View = null
            Model = null

FlashMap:
       Attributes = null

MockHttpServletResponse:
           Status = 200
    Error message = null
          Headers = {Content-Type=[application/json;charset=UTF-8]}
     Content type = application/json;charset=UTF-8
             Body = {"data":"[\"p1\",\"p2\"]"}
    Forwarded URL = null
   Redirected URL = null
          Cookies = []

执行结果:

{"data":"[\"p1\",\"p2\"]"}

5. 测试视图页

@Test
public void test05() throws Exception {
   MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(get("/test/view"))
           .andExpect(view().name("index"))  //验证视图页面
           .andExpect(model().hasNoErrors()) //验证页面没有错误
           .andExpect(status().isOk())       //验证状态码
           .andDo(print())
           .andReturn();
   System.out.println(mvcResult.getModelAndView().getViewName());
}

执行结果:

index

MockMvc深入学习

• http://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/current/reference/html/test-mockmvc.html
• http://jinnianshilongnian.iteye.com/blog/2004660